Structure-Activity Relationships of Potent, Targeted Covalent Inhibitors That Abolish Both the Transamidation and GTP Binding Activities of Human Tissue Transglutaminase

J Med Chem. 2017 Sep 28;60(18):7910-7927. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01070. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

Abstract

Human tissue transglutaminase (hTG2) is a multifunctional enzyme. It is primarily known for its calcium-dependent transamidation activity that leads to formation of an isopeptide bond between glutamine and lysine residues found on the surface of proteins, but it is also a GTP binding protein. Overexpression and unregulated hTG2 activity have been associated with numerous human diseases, including cancer stem cell survival and metastatic phenotype. Herein, we present a series of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) based on our previously reported Cbz-Lys scaffold. From this structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, novel irreversible inhibitors were identified that block the transamidation activity of hTG2 and allosterically abolish its GTP binding ability with a high degree of selectivity and efficiency (kinact/KI > 105 M-1 min-1). One optimized inhibitor (VA4) was also shown to inhibit epidermal cancer stem cell invasion with an EC50 of 3.9 μM, representing a significant improvement over our previously reported "hit" NC9.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line
  • Drug Design*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Guanosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / cytology
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Protein Binding / drug effects
  • Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Transglutaminases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Transglutaminases / metabolism

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Guanosine Triphosphate
  • Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2
  • Transglutaminases
  • GTP-Binding Proteins